Transportation plays a vital role in human societies, enhancing satisfaction by enabling the movement of people, goods, and information. In the realm of road transportation, the choice of vehicular fuels is crucial. Two main categories are conventional fuels, primarily derived from fossil fuels like Premium Motor Spirit (PMS) and Diesel, combusted within the engine. On the other hand, alternative vehicle fuels (AVFs) are derived either wholly or partly from non-petroleum sources, offering a more environmentally friendly option for internal combustion engines. AVFs include Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), Electricity, High Pour Fuel Oil (HPFO), Ethanol, Hybrid, and Solar power. These AVFs present sustainable alternatives, aiming to reduce environmental impact and dependence on fossil fuels in the realm of transportation.
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