Nigeria is facing extreme security challenges. Insurgents in the Northeast, armed bandits in the Northwest, secessionists in the Southeast, violent gangs in the Southwest, and militancy in the South-south threaten national stability. The year 2023 has seen a continuation of the insecurity plaguing Nigeria. This wave of insecurity posed a threat to the 2023 general elections in Nigeria. Several election stakeholders predicted a breakdown of law and order with no clear path for peace across the country. For instance, a Nextier report titled “How Violence Could Affect Nigeria’s 2023 Elections” examined the existing conditions and actors that may propel electoral violence across Nigeria. The report suggested an outbreak of violence using context specific information and data on current violent trends. Notably, the electoral outcome proved this prediction as thuggery, threats, killings, destructions, and electoral malpractice were recorded during the review period. This situation culminated in grievances that questioned the legitimacy of the entire electoral process.
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