The Role of States in Electricity Generation and Energy Transition

The most recent constitutional amendment, specifically the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (Fifth Alteration) Bill No. 33, 2022 (on the National Grid System – Part I & II, Second Schedule), received unanimous approval from both Chambers of the National Assembly on March 1, 2022. This amendment grants individual states the authority to generate, transmit, and distribute electricity within areas already integrated into the national grid. President Buhari formalized this amendment by affixing his signature on March 17, 2023. This constitutional amendment presents a significant opportunity to enhance the implementation of the national energy transition plan. It provides a means to enhance energy accessibility and leverage the diverse resources available across the states to optimize Nigeria’s energy mix composition.

Domestication of the National Energy Transition Plan
While Nigeria has an established national energy transition plan, it is imperative for individual states to seamlessly integrate and domesticate this plan within their medium and long-term policy frameworks. Each state boasts a distinctive energy landscape with varying renewable energy resources, infrastructural capabilities, and energy consumption patterns. Through a judicious alignment of the national plan with their specific circumstances, states can strategically optimize their transition endeavours and leverage their available resources through several avenues, such as:

• Harnessing Abundant Renewable Resources
Nigeria has many renewable energy resources, including solar, wind, hydro, and biomass. States must conduct thorough assessments to identify and capitalize on their indigenous resources. For instance, states in the northern region can tap into the abundant solar potential. Those in the coastal areas can also explore offshore wind and marine energy options. By strategically deploying renewable energy technologies, states can drastically reduce their reliance on fossil fuels and decrease greenhouse gas emissions while electrifying their communities and improving access.

• Strengthening Grid Infrastructure
A robust and reliable grid infrastructure is the backbone of any successful energy transition. States must invest in upgrading and expanding their transmission and distribution networks to accommodate the increased integration of renewable energy sources. Smart grid technologies, energy storage solutions, and microgrid systems can enhance grid resilience, ensuring a stable and consistent energy supply.

• Promoting Energy Efficiency Measures
Improving energy efficiency is a cornerstone of any sustainable energy strategy. States can implement policies and initiatives to reduce energy wastage in various sectors, including industrial, residential, and commercial. These actions may involve incentivizing energy-efficient technologies, implementing building codes, and encouraging adoption of energy-saving practices.

• Encouraging Private Sector Participation
States should actively engage with the private sector to attract investments and expertise in renewable energy projects. Public-private partnerships can accelerate the deployment of renewable energy technologies, creating a conducive environment for businesses to thrive while contributing to the state’s energy transition goals.

• Fostering Research and Innovation
Investing in research and developing clean energy technologies is paramount to advancing the energy transition. States can establish research centres, collaborate with academic institutions, and incentivize innovation hubs to drive technological advancements in energy generation and renewable energy technologies.

• Prioritising Education and Awareness
Educating the public about the benefits of renewable energy and energy efficiency is crucial for garnering support and participation. States can implement awareness campaigns, workshops, and educational programs to empower communities with the knowledge and skills to embrace sustainable energy practices.

Conclusion
By capitalizing on this unique opportunity, states have the potential to steer the nation towards a sustainable and prosperous energy future. States can enhance energy generation and efficiency through thorough strategic planning, harnessing local resources, and cultivating innovation. This collaborative effort promises to construct a cleaner and more resilient energy landscape, ensuring a brighter future for future generations.