The Costs of Problem Gambling

The Nigerian economy, brimming with youthful potential and vast resources, is poised for significant growth. Yet, a hidden threat lurks beneath the surface, gradually eroding this potential and posing a severe public health concern. Problem gambling, also known as gambling addiction, encompasses all gambling habits that jeopardise, disturb, or harm personal, familial, or professional endeavours. It carries the highest suicide rate among addictive disorders, with one out of every five individuals grappling with compulsive gambling attempting suicide. Reports show that 66 per cent of Nigerians have placed a bet on sporting events at least once in their lives. While often dismissed as a harmless pastime, problem gambling’s insidious nature can have devastating consequences, both for individuals and for the nation’s development. Regardless of class or economic status, the problem of gambling metes out the same consequences, from financial losses to mental and physical health costs.

The rise in online betting addiction in Nigeria can be attributed to the emulation of the social dynamics seen in physical gambling venues by social media “influencers” with millions of followers.  An investigative report by Rest of World revealed widespread use of social media “influencers” by betting companies to lure in young people, especially students, who often gamble with their school fees. The influencers have adapted similar networking strategies online, creating environments where individuals gather virtually to enhance their odds of winning, all while prioritising privacy and convenience. The allure of easy money, particularly amidst widespread economic hardship, draws many Nigerians towards gambling. However, the reality is far bleaker.

Despite its potential for job creation and tax revenue, Nigeria’s burgeoning gambling industry casts a long shadow on the citizens’ well-being. The financial losses incurred by a significant portion of gamblers strain household budgets, divert resources from essential needs, and exacerbate existing inequalities. Furthermore, gambling addiction leads to decreased productivity and potential job loss, hindering economic growth. This financial strain ripples outwards, impacting families and communities. Essential needs like food, education, and healthcare are often sacrificed to fuel the gambling habit, exacerbating existing inequalities and hindering social mobility.

The negative impacts extend far beyond financial woes. Gambling addiction is linked to a multitude of mental health issues, including depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation. The 2023 suicide case of a Nigerian student who lost his fees to gambling consolidates a host of countless reports of Nigerians ending their lives due to gambling losses. The readily available online gambling platforms further exacerbate the problem, offering round-the-clock access and anonymity, fostering a cycle of addiction that is difficult to break free from. This mental health crisis not only inflicts individual suffering but also strains the already overburdened healthcare system, diverting resources away from other crucial areas. Some argue that problem gambling in Nigeria, shortly, will be a more significant public health problem than substance misuse.

The detrimental effects of gambling addiction can also bleed into the broader economy. Individuals struggling with addiction often experience decreased productivity at work, absenteeism, and even job loss. This can translate to a loss of human capital and hinder economic growth. Furthermore, according to NOI Polls, Nigerians spend over 730 billion naira on sports betting. The resources lost to gambling, both individual and national, could be better directed towards investments in education, infrastructure, and other critical areas essential for sustainable development.

According to the Gambling Research Exchange, gambling can lead to various negative consequences beyond the individual involved, such as financial strain, emotional turmoil, strained relationships, and social isolation. These issues can persist and impact both the individual and the broader community. Additionally, Dr Ayodele Coker, a clinical psychologist at the Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine, suggests that the prevalence of mental disorders in Nigeria might increase due to the growing popularity of sports betting and other forms of gambling. This is attributed to the addictive nature of these activities, creating a cycle of habitual behaviour fuelled by the belief in winning more significant amounts in the future.

The former National Commissioner of the Nigerian Data Protection Bureau (NDPB), now Nigeria Data Protection Commission, stated that over 60 million Nigerians are involved in online betting, generating over 2.5 billion naira in taxes. While these betting companies create revenues for their shareholders and pay considerable taxes to the government, the consumers are left with economic and health losses and little to no regulatory protections.

Combating this growing public health concern requires strict measures and enforcement. Private entities have worked over the years to spread awareness about problem gambling and have set up helplines for people with an addiction, however, this is not enough for a country where tens of millions are victims. Public awareness campaigns are crucial to educate individuals about the risks associated with gambling and encourage responsible behaviour. Despite the mandatory inclusion of “Bet Responsibly” and the 18+ symbol in promotional content for gambling and sports betting brands, these measures have fallen short in curbing addiction. In response to this concern, the United Kingdom has enacted legislation limiting daily and monthly betting expenditures per player, IP address, or device. Implementing similar measures in the Nigerian gambling sector could prove beneficial.

Furthermore, enhanced enforcement measures and penalties for unlicensed gambling operators can deter consumers from fraudulent activities. Additionally, raising public awareness about the risks associated with gambling addiction and promoting access to counselling and support services can play a pivotal role in mitigating the adverse effects of gambling on mental health and overall well-being.

Gambling, while often viewed as a harmless leisure activity, poses a significant threat to Nigeria’s development and public health. Recognising the gravity of this issue and implementing practical solutions is crucial to safeguard the nation’s future and ensure that its potential is not squandered on a risky bet. The government has to recognise gambling addictions as a public health issue and treat it as such. Nigeria can take a decisive step towards a more sustainable and prosperous future for all its citizens by prioritising responsible gambling practices, mental health support, and alternative avenues for recreation.